This double-blind clinical trial was conducted on children 6-59 mo with moderate, acute malnutrition (MAM) in Malawi and Mozambique.  Children (n=2,230) were randomized to receive one of two peanut-based ready-to-use supplementary foods (RUSF) supplemented either with soy protein or whey permeate/whey protein concentrate 80.   The outcome measurements were recovery from MAM as determined by improvement in midupper arm circumference (MUAC) and weight for height changes.  The children received the supplements for up to 12 weeks at a dosage of about 75 kcal/kg/day.  It is important to note that the two RUSF were prepared to be the same in volume and weight per kg to preserve blinding; however, this resulted in the soy RUSF having about 50% more protein than the whey RUSF.  The results showed significantly better recovery from MAM in the whey RUSF group; MUAC scores increased and weight-for-height scores increased as well.  These data show the superiority of whey-containing RUSF vs soy-containing RUSF, even when the amount of protein in the whey formula is lower.